A formula is an expression
which calculates the value of a cell. Functions are predefined formulas
and are already available in Excel.
For examples, cell A3 below contains
a formula which adds the value of cell A2 to the value of cell A1.
For example,
cell A3 below contains the SUM function which calculates the sum of the range
A1:A2.
To enter a
formula, execute the following steps.
1. Select a
cell.
2. To let
Excel know that you want to enter a formula, type an equal sign (=).
3. For
example, type the formula A1+A2.
Tip: instead
of typing A1 and A2, simply select cell A1 and cell A2.
4. Change
the value of cell A1 to 3.
Excel
automatically recalculates the value of cell A3. This is one of Excel's most
powerful features!
When you
select a cell, Excel shows the value or formula of the cell in the formula bar.
1. To edit a
formula, click in the formula bar and change the formula.
2. Press
Enter.
Excel uses a
default order in which calculations occur. If a part of the formula is in
parentheses, that part will be calculated first. It then performs
multiplication or division calculations. Once this is complete, Excel will add
and subtract the remainder of your formula. See the example below.
First, Excel
performs multiplication (A1 * A2). Next, Excel adds the value of cell A3 to
this result.
Another
example,
First, Excel
calculates the part in parentheses (A2+A3). Next, it multiplies this result by
the value of cell A1.
When you
copy a formula, Excel automatically adjusts the cell references for each new
cell the formula is copied to. To understand this, execute the following steps.
1. Enter the
formula shown below into cell A4.
2a. Select
cell A4, right click, and then click Copy (or press CTRL + c)...
...next,
select cell B4, right click, and then click Paste under 'Paste Options:' (or
press CTRL + v).
2b. You can
also drag the formula to cell B4. Select cell A4, click on the lower right
corner of cell A4 and drag it across to cell B4. This is much easier and gives
the exact same result!
Result. The
formula in cell B4 references the values in column B.
Every function
has the same structure. For example, SUM(A1:A4). The name of this function is
SUM. The part between the brackets (arguments) means we give Excel the range
A1:A4 as input. This function adds the values in cells A1, A2, A3 and A4. It's
not easy to remember which function and which arguments to use for each task.
Fortunately, the Insert Function feature in Excel helps you with this.
To insert a
function, execute the following steps.
1. Select a
cell.
2. Click the
Insert Function button.
The 'Insert
Function' dialog box appears.
3. Search
for a function or select a function from a category. For example, choose
COUNTIF from the Statistical category.
4. Click OK.
The
'Function Arguments' dialog box appears.
5. Click in
the Range box and select the range A1:C2.
6. Click in
the Criteria box and type >5.
7. Click OK.
Result.
Excel counts the number of cells that are higher than 5.
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